Exantheem of rash is een aspecifieke term voor uitslag (huiduitslag). Zie ook onder erythemen en onder erythemateuze efflorescenties.

DD exanthemen:

Viraal
Maculae/papulae: rubeola, rubella, enterovirus, CMV, hepatitis B, erythema infectiosum, exanthema subitum, adeno-, arbo-, rhabdo-, en reovirus, vaccins (mazelen, rubella), HIV.
Vesiculae/pustulae: herpes simplex, varicella zoster, vaccinia, enterovirus (herpangina), hand-foot and mouth disease (A16), orf, mollusca contagiosa, vesicular stomatitis virus.
Petechiae/purpura: enterovirus (echovirus), viral haemorrhagic fever, Dengue, adenovirus, gele koorts, atypical measles.

Bacterieel
Maculae/papulae: groep A Streptokokken (roodvonk, erysipelas, erythema marginatum), Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, subacute bacteriële endocarditis, lues II, typhoid fever, erysipelothrix, M. leprae, rat bite fever, leptospirosis, meningococcemia, Pseudomonas sepsis, erythema chronicum migrans.
Vesiculae/pustulae: staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, impetigo bullosa.
Petechiae/purpura: sepsis met diffuse intravasale stolling, meningococcemia, gonococcemia, H. influenza, Pseudomonas sepsis, subacute bacteriële endocarditis, Listeria monocytogenes.

Rickettsia
Maculae/papulae: Rocky mountain spotted fever, murine typhus.
Vesiculae/pustulae: Rickettsial pox (Russian vesicular rickettsiosis), fièvre boutonneuze.
Petechiae/purpura: Rocky mountain spotted fever, epidemic typhus (via luizen).

Fungi
Maculae/papulae: Candida, Sporotrichosis, Cryptococcen, tinea corporis, P. versicolor.

Chlamydiae
Maculae/papulae: Psittacosis.

Protozoa
Maculae/papulae: Toxoplasmose, Trichinosis, scabies.
Petechiae/purpura: Trichinosis, Plasmodia (black water fever).

Immunologisch
Maculae/papulae: erythema multiforme, SLE, dermatomyositis, relapsing polychondritis, reumatoïde arthritis, erythema nodosum, urticariële vasculitis, leukemia cutis.
Vesiculae/pustulae: erythema multiforme, psoriasis pustulosa, m. Reiter, m. Sweet, m. Behçet, bowel bypass syndrome, acne fulminans.
Petechiae/purpura: immuun-trombocytopenische purpura, thrombotische thrombocytopenische purpura, Henoch-Schönlein, polyarteritis nodosa, m. Wegener, cholesterol embolie.

Diversen
Maculae/papulae: mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, pityriasis rosea.
Elke vorm: geneesmiddelen eruptie.


Auteur(s):
dr. Jan R. Mekkes. Dermatoloog, Amsterdam UMC.