Formaldehyde

codes geen / geen

 

 

 

Formula

CAS

CH2O

50-00-0

 
CAS: Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number
 

Background

Formaldehyde has been termed the ubiquitousallergen because of its widespread use. Besides being used as is, it is incorporated into a large variety of products and reactants in many chemical processes, including formaldehyde releasers, polymerized plastics, metal-working fluids, medicaments, fabrics, cosmetics, and detergents. 

 

Synonyms

Formaldehyde
Formalin
Formol
Methanal
Morbicid
Oxymethylene
Veracur

 

Uses

Antiperspirant
Astringent
Cosmetics
Dental plastics
Disinfectant
Dry cleaning materials
Embalming solutions
Fertilizers
Insulation urea formaldehyde foam)
Leather tanning agent
Metalworking fluids
Over-the-counter medications
Paints
Paper manufacturing
Pathology fixatives
Photography
Plastics and resins (particularly urea and phenolic resin)
Rubber industry preservative and antioxidant and synthetic rubber production
Shoes
Textiles (permanent press, wrinkle resistant)
Wart remedies
Wood composites (plywood and particle board)

 

Cross-Reactions

Aryl-sulfonamide resin
Chloroallyl-hexaminium chloride
DMDM hydantoin

 

Unusual Reactions

Airborne
Contact urticaria
Erythema multiforme-like
Photoallergic
Phototoxic

 

References

1.

Ancona-Alayon, A., J.L. Jimenez-Castilla, and E.M. Gomez-Alvarez, Dermatitis from epoxy resin and formaldehyde in shampoo packers. Contact Dermatitis, 1976. 2(6): p. 356.

2.

Marzulli, F.N. and H.I. Maibach, Contact allergy: predictive testing in man. Contact Dermatitis, 1976. 2(1): p. 1-17.

3.

Fisher, A.A., Fifty years experience with contact dermatitis. Cutis, 1977. 19(1): p. 18-20, 26-32.

4.

Fregert, S., Contamination of chemico-technical preparations with formaldehyde from packages. Contact Dermatitis, 1977. 3(2): p. 109-10.

5.

Helander, I., Contact urticaria from leather containing formaldehyde. Archives of Dermatology, 1977. 113(10): p. 1443.

6.

Husain, S.L., Contact dermatitis in the West of Scotland. Contact Dermatitis, 1977. 3(6): p. 327-32.

7.

Benezra, C., et al., Concentrations of patch test allergens: are we comparing the same things?. Contact Dermatitis, 1978. 4(2): p. 103-5.

8.

Dahlquist, I. and S. Fregert, Formaldehyde releasers [letter]. Contact Dermatitis, 1978. 4(3): p. 173.

9.

Fisher, A.A., Contact dermatitis: queries, answers, and comments. Part III. Cutis, 1978. 21(5): p. 588, 592, 600-1 passim.

10.

Uehara, M., Follicular contact dermatitis due to formaldehyde. Dermatologica, 1978. 156(1): p. 48-54.

11.

Bork, K., D. Heise, and A. Rosinus, [Formaldehyde in hair shampoos]. Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt. Occupational & Environmental Dermatoses, 1979. 27(1): p. 10-2.

12.

Fraki, J.E., L. Peltonen, and V.K. Hopsu-Havu, Allergy to various components of topical preparations in stasis dermatitis and leg ulcer. Contact Dermatitis, 1979. 5(2): p. 97-100.

13.

Kaaber, S., H. Thulin, and E. Nielsen, Skin sensitivity to denture base materials in the burning mouth syndrome. Contact Dermatitis, 1979. 5(2): p. 90-6.

14.

McDaniel, W.H. and J.G. Marks, Jr., Contact urticaria due to sensitivity to spray starch. Archives of Dermatology, 1979. 115(5): p. 628.

15.

Rudzki, E., Occupational dermatitis among health service workers. Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt. Occupational & Environmental Dermatoses, 1979. 27(4): p. 112-5.

16.

Sugai, T., et al., Age distribution of the incidence of contact sensitivity to standard allergens. Contact Dermatitis, 1979. 5(6): p. 383-8.

17.

Wilkinson, D.S. and J.D. Wilkinson, Comparison of patch test results in two adjacent areas of England-I. (Industrial allergens). Acta Dermato-Venereologica. Supplementum, 1979. 59(85): p. 189-92.

18.

Dahlquist, I., S. Fregert, and B. Gruvberger, Detection of formaldehyde in corticoid creams. Contact Dermatitis, 1980. 6(7): p. 494.

19.

Dahlquist, I., S. Fregert, and B. Gruvberger, Reliability of the chromotropic acid method for qualitative formaldehyde determination. Contact Dermatitis, 1980. 6(5): p. 357-8.

20.

Fregert, S. and B. Gruvberger, Formaldehyde in technical EDTA and NTA. Contact Dermatitis, 1980. 6(5): p. 366.

21.

Kleinhans, D. and U. Dayss, [Formaldehyde contact allergy]. Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt. Occupational & Environmental Dermatoses, 1980. 28(4): p. 101-3.

22.

Pedersen, N.B., Occupational hand eczema from formaldehyde in price labels. Contact Dermatitis, 1980. 6(1): p. 57-8.

23.

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24.

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25.

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26.

Fregert, S., Formaldehyde dermatitis from a gypsum-melamine resin mixture. Contact Dermatitis, 1981. 7(1): p. 56.

27.

Lachapelle, J.M. and D. Tennstedt, Formaldehyde in household cleaning agents. Contact Dermatitis, 1981. 7(3): p. 166-7.

28.

Mitchell, J.C., Non-inflammatory onycholysis from formaldehyde-containing nail hardener. Contact Dermatitis, 1981. 7(3): p. 173.

29.

Romaguera, C., F. Grimalt, and M. Lecha, Occupational purpuric textile dermatitis from formaldehyde resins. Contact Dermatitis, 1981. 7(3): p. 152-3.

30.

Wahlberg, J.E. and E. Kartus, Stability of formalin test solutions. Contact Dermatitis, 1981. 7(1): p. 43-4.

31.

Agathos, M., Formaldehyde contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis, 1982. 8(1): p. 79-80.

32.

Lembo, G., N. Balato, and F. Cusano, Unusual formaldehyde dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis, 1982. 8(4): p. 272.

33.

Andersen, K.E. and K. Hamann, Cost benefit of patch testing with textile finish resins. Contact Dermatitis, 1982. 8(1): p. 64-7.

34.

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35.

Lynde, C.W. and J.C. Mitchell, Patch test results in 66 hairdressers 1973--81. Contact Dermatitis, 1982. 8(5): p. 302-7.

36.

Shelley, W.B., Immediate sunburn-like reaction in a patient with formaldehyde photosensitivity. Archives of Dermatology, 1982. 118(2): p. 117-8.

37.

Andersen, K.E., H. Bundgaard, and M. Johansen, Allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde in Fucidin ointment. Contact Dermatitis, 1983. 9(1): p. 78-9.

38.

Andersen, K.E., et al., Formaldehyde in a hypoallergenic non-woven textile acrylate tape. Contact Dermatitis, 1983. 9(3): p. 228.

39.

Hansen, K.S., Occupational dermatoses in hospital cleaning women. Contact Dermatitis, 1983. 9(5): p. 343-51.

40.

Moller, I. and J.R. Jensen, Contamination of Fucidin ointment with formaldehyde [letter]. Contact Dermatitis, 1983. 9(6): p. 531.

41.

van Ketel, W.G. and L.S. Kisch, The problem of sensitizing capacity of some Grotans used as bacteriocides in cooling oils. Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt. Occupational & Environmental Dermatoses, 1983. 31(4): p. 118-21.

42.

Andersen, K.E., et al., Guinea pig maximization tests with formaldehyde releasers. Results from two laboratories. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 10(5): p. 257-66.

43.

Andersen, K.E. and H.I. Maibach, Multiple application delayed onset contact urticaria: possible relation to certain unusual formalin and textile reactions?. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 10(4): p. 227-34.

44.

Bruynzeel, D.P., W.G. van Ketel, and P. de Haan, Formaldehyde contact sensitivity and the use of shampoos. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 10(3): p. 179-80.

45.

Fregert, S., I. Dahlquist, and B. Gruvberger, A simple method for the detection of formaldehyde. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 10(3): p. 132-4.

46.

Kofoed, M.L., Contact dermatitis to formaldehyde in fabric softeners. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 11(4): p. 254.

47.

Adams, R.M. and H.I. Maibach, A five-year study of cosmetic reactions. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1985. 13(6): p. 1062-9.

48.

Andersen, K.E., et al., Induction of formaldehyde contact sensitivity: dose response relationship in the guinea pig maximization test. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 1985. 65(6): p. 472-8.

49.

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50.

Andersen, K.E., Contact allergy to chlorocresol, formaldehyde and other biocides. Guinea pig tests and clinical studies. Acta Dermato-Venereologica. Supplementum, 1986. 125: p. 1-21.

51.

de Groot, A.C., et al., Contact allergy to preservatives--II. Contact Dermatitis, 1986. 15(4): p. 218-22.

52.

Ford, G.P. and M.H. Beck, Reactions to Quaternium 15, Bronopol and Germall 115 in a standard series. Contact Dermatitis, 1986. 14(5): p. 271-4.

53.

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54.

Loden, M., The effect of 4 barrier creams on the absorption of water, benzene, and formaldehyde into excised human skin. Contact Dermatitis, 1986. 14(5): p. 292-6.

55.

Maurice, F., et al., Anaphylactic shock caused by formaldehyde in a patient undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 1986. 77(4): p. 594-7.

56.

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57.

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58.

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59.

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60.

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61.

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62.

de Groot, A.C., et al., Patch test reactivity to DMDM hydantoin. Relationship to formaldehyde allergy. Contact Dermatitis, 1988. 18(4): p. 197-201.

63.

Fransway, A.F. and R.K. Winkelmann, Chronic dermatitis evolving to mycosis fungoides: report of four cases and review of the literature. Cutis, 1988. 41(5): p. 330-5.

64.

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65.

Gollhausen, R., et al., Trends in allergic contact sensitization. Contact Dermatitis, 1988. 18(3): p. 147-54.

66.

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67.

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68.

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69.

Nethercott, J.R., D.L. Holness, and E. Page, Occupational contact dermatitis due to glutaraldehyde in health care workers. Contact Dermatitis, 1988. 18(4): p. 193-6.

70.

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71.

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72.

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73.

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74.

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75.

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76.

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77.

Storrs, F.J., et al., Prevalence and relevance of allergic reactions in patients patch tested in North America--1984 to 1985. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1989. 20(6): p. 1038-45.

78.

Frosch, P.J., et al., Contact allergy to Bronopol. Contact Dermatitis, 1990. 22(1): p. 24-6.

79.

Barros, M.A., et al., Patch testing in children: a study of 562 schoolchildren [see comments]. Contact Dermatitis, 1991. 25(3): p. 156-9.

80.

Candura, F., Formaldehyde-induced anaphylaxis after dental treatment? [letter; comment]. Contact Dermatitis, 1991. 25(5): p. 335.

81.

Cronin, E., Formaldehyde is a significant allergen in women with hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis, 1991. 25(5): p. 276-82.

82.

Ebner, H. and D. Kraft, Formaldehyde-induced anaphylaxis after dental treatment? [see comments]. Contact Dermatitis, 1991. 24(4): p. 307-9.

83.

Flyvholm, M.A., Contact allergens in registered chemical products. Contact Dermatitis, 1991. 25(1): p. 49-56.

84.

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85.

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86.

Fowler, J.F., Jr., S.M. Skinner, and D.V. Belsito, Allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde resins in permanent press clothing: an underdiagnosed cause of generalized dermatitis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1992. 27(6 Pt 1): p. 962-8.

87.

Gryllaki-Berger, M., et al., A comparative study of formaldehyde detection using chromotropic acid, acetylacetone and HPLC in cosmetics and household cleaning products. Contact Dermatitis, 1992. 26(3): p. 149-54.

88.

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89.

Rastogi, S.C., A survey of formaldehyde in shampoos and skin creams on the Danish market. Contact Dermatitis, 1992. 27(4): p. 235-40.

90.

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91.

Brasch, J., et al., Reproducibility of patch tests. A multicenter study of synchronous left-versus right-sided patch tests by the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1994. 31(4): p. 584-91.

92.

Giorgini, S., et al., Prevention of allergic contact dermatitis from nail varnishes and hardeners. Contact Dermatitis, 1994. 31(5): p. 325-6.

93.

Hectorne, K.J. and A.F. Fransway, Diazolidinyl urea: incidence of sensitivity, patterns of cross-reactivity and clinical relevance. Contact Dermatitis, 1994. 30(1): p. 16-9.

94.

Perrenoud, D., et al., Frequency of sensitization to 13 common preservatives in Switzerland. Swiss Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Contact Dermatitis, 1994. 30(5): p. 276-9.

95.

van Hecke, E. and E. Suys, Where next to look for formaldehyde?. Contact Dermatitis, 1994. 31(4): p. 268.

96.

Hatch, K.L. and H.I. Maibach, Textile dermatitis: an update. (I). Resins, additives and fibers. Contact Dermatitis, 1995. 32: p. 319-26.

  

 

 

 

 

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